1. Bull Market: A prolonged period of increasing stock prices and market optimism.

Example: "The bull market of the 2010s saw the Sensex rise by over 50%."

2. Bear Market: A prolonged period of declining stock prices and market pessimism.

Example: "The bear market of 2008 saw the Sensex fall by over 30%."

3. Broker: A person or firm that executes trades on your behalf, often providing investment advice and management services.

Example: "I opened a trading account with a reputable broker to invest in the stock market."

4. Buy: To purchase a security or asset, expecting its value to increase.

Example: "I bought 100 shares of XYZ Ltd. at ₹500 each."

5. Sell: To dispose of a security or asset, often to realize profits or limit losses.

Example: "I sold my XYZ Ltd. shares at ₹600 each, making a profit of ₹100 per share."

6. Short Sell: To sell a security you don't own, expecting to buy it back at a lower price to realize a profit.

Example: "I short-sold 100 shares of ABC Ltd. at ₹400, expecting the price to drop."

7. Long Position: A buy position, expecting the price to rise.

Example: "I have a long position in XYZ Ltd., hoping the price will increase."

8. Short Position: A sell position, expecting the price to fall.

Example: "I have a short position in ABC Ltd., expecting the price to decline."

9. IPO (Initial Public Offering): A company's first public sale of stock, allowing it to raise capital and go public.

Example: "XYZ Ltd. launched its IPO last year, raising ₹1,000 crores."

10. EPS (Earnings Per Share): A company's profit divided by the number of shares outstanding.

Example: "XYZ Ltd. reported an EPS of ₹20 for the quarter."

11. Market Capitalization: A company's total value, calculated by multiplying shares outstanding by market price.

Example: "XYZ Ltd.'s market capitalization is ₹50,000 crores."

12. Dividend: A portion of a company's profit distributed to shareholders.

Example: "XYZ Ltd. declared a dividend of ₹5 per share last quarter."

13. Yield: The annual dividend per share as a percentage of the current stock price.

Example: "XYZ Ltd.'s yield is 4%."

14. Stock Split: A company's decision to increase shares outstanding, reducing the price proportionally.

Example: "XYZ Ltd. announced a 2-for-1 stock split, doubling the number of shares."

15. Order: An instruction to buy or sell a security at a specific price or quantity.

Example: "I placed a buy order for 100 shares of XYZ Ltd. at ₹550."

16. Ask Price: The lowest price a seller is willing to accept.

Example: "The ask price for XYZ Ltd. is ₹560."

17. Bid Price: The highest price a buyer is willing to pay.

Example: "The bid price for XYZ Ltd. is ₹550."

18. Spread The difference between the ask and bid prices.

Example: "The spread for XYZ Ltd. is ₹10 (₹560 - ₹550)."

19. Volume: The number of shares traded in a specific period.

Example: "The daily volume for XYZ Ltd. is 1 million shares."

20. Liquidity: The ease with which an asset can be bought or sold without significantly affecting its price.

Example: "XYZ Ltd. has high liquidity, making it easy to buy and sell shares."